sick or injured person”: Gaw, A Time to Heal, 8.
17 “Patients, no matter how critical”: Ibid.
18 The structure had been built into sloping ground: Seale, The President’s House, 536.
19 “packed with vermin”: Clark, The Murder of James A. Garfield, 80.
20 “sanitary requirements of a safe dwelling”: “Condition of the White House,” New York Times, September 7, 1881.
21 The plumbing system had been built: Seale, The President’s House, 536.
22 “pest house”: Feis, Mollie Garfield in the White House, 74.
23 “The old White House is unfit”: Quoted in Clark, The Murder of James A. Garfield, 80.
24 “notoriously unhealthy”: Hoogenboom, Rutherford B. Hayes, 469.
25 “greatly influenced by the miasma”: Reyburn, Clinical History of the Case of President James Abram Garfield, 578.
26 Four servants in the White House: Mackenzie, Alexander Graham Bell, 236.
27 In a desperate effort to ward off malaria : Paulson, “Death of a President and His Assassin,” 83; Deppisch, “Homeopathic Medicine and Presidential Health,” 3.
28 “You can’t imagine anything so vile”: Harriet S. Blaine and Beale, Letters of Mrs. James G. Blaine, 229.
29 “Scarcely a breath of air”: “Another Weary Night Watch,” New York Times, July 6, 1881.
30 “Sitting to day on my piazza”: Stephen Upson to Lucretia Garfield, July 3, 1881.
31 Others suggested hanging sheets: Letters to Lucretia Garfield, Library of Congress, Garfield papers.
32 Finally, a corps of engineers: Reports of Officers of the Navy: Ventilating and Cooling of Executive Mansion, 4. Nine years later, Willis Haviland Carrier designed the first system for controlling not only temperature, but also humidity.
33 In the president’s office: Telegram from Joseph Stanley Brown to R. J. Jennings, the owner of a company in Baltimore that had a cooling device, quoted in Clark, The Murder of James A. Garfield, 83.
34 Although the system worked: Seale, The President’s House, 523–24. “They found some kind of compressed air machine,” Garfield’s fourteen-year-old daughter, Mollie, complained in her diary, “& it made a horrible noise when it became full of air.” James A. Garfield Papers, Library of Congress.
35 “cool, dry, and ample”: Seale, The President’s House, 524.
36 “wonderfully patient sufferer”: Paulson, “Death of a President and His Assassin,” 79.
37 “never approached him”: Bliss, “The Story of President Garfield’s Illness,” 301.
38 “Thank you, gentlemen”: Rockwell, “From Mentor to Elberon,” Century Magazine, 437.
39 “witty, and quick at repartee”: Ibid.
40 “The vein of his conversation”: “A Great Nation in Grief,” New York Times, July 3, 1881.
41 “I do not believe that”: “At the Patient’s Bedside,” New York Times, July 5, 1881.
42 Although Garfield rarely mentioned: Rockwell, “From Mentor to Elberon,” Century Magazine.
43 “What motive do you think”: “A Great Nation in Grief,” New York Times, July 3, 1881.
Chapter 17: One Nation
1 “You were not made free merely”: “Colored Men Visit Garfield,” New York Times, October 21, 1880.
2 “the high privilege and sacred duty”: Garfield, Inaugural Address, March 4, 1881.
3 “give the South, as rapidly as possible”: De Santis, “President Garfield and the ‘Solid South,’ ” 449.
4 “felt, as they had not felt before”: “Southern Sympathy,” New York Times, July 20, 1881.
5 “united, as if by magic”: Bundy, The Nation’s Hero, in Memoriam, 242–43.
6 “the whole Nation kin”: “Jefferson Davis on Guiteau’s Crime,” New York Times, July 16, 1881.
7 “I felt lighthearted and merry”: United States v. Guiteau, 601.
8 “His vanity is literally nauseating”: Hayes and Hayes, A Complete History, 405–6.
9 “He spoke with deliberation”: Ibid.
10 “He objected strenuously”: Ibid., 406.
11 “I want you to be sure”: Ibid., 499.
12 “I don’t want to appear strained”: Quoted in Ackerman, Dark Horse, 406.
13 Before returning to his cell: Clark, The Murder of James A. Garfield, 65.
14 He believed that he would be released: Rosenberg, The Trial of the Assassin Guiteau, p. 46.
15 “by the hundreds”: Clark, The Murder of James A. Garfield, 91.
16 “a conviction would shock the public”: United States v. Guiteau, 2246.
17 So carefree was Guiteau: Rosenberg, The Trial of the Assassin Guiteau, 45.
18 “I am looking for a wife”: Hayes and Hayes, A Complete History, 451.
19 “For twenty years, I have had an idea”: Hayes and Hayes, A Complete History, 452.
20 He was in contact with everyone: Mackenzie, Alexander Graham Bell, 235.
21 “Alec says he telegraphed”: Mabel Bell to her mother, July 20, 1881, Bell Family Papers.
22 At this point in his experiments: Bell, Upon the Electrical Experiments, 15.
23 He had adjusted the coils’ size: Ibid., 8–11.
24 Most important, he had decided to borrow: Ibid., 5.
25 Bell and Tainter had already begun testing: Mackenzie, Alexander Graham Bell, 236.
26 Seven years earlier, while working: Bruce, Alexander Graham Bell and the Conquest of Solitude,