1954; Los Angeles Times, October 27, 1954 (“City Revels”); Los Angeles Times, November 7, 1954 (“clear, bright skies”).
6 Kevin Starr, Golden Dreams: California in an Age of Abundance, 1950–1963 (New York: Oxford, 2009), p. 260 (“worst attack ever”); South Coast Air Quality Management District, “Upland, Calif., Had Last Stage III Smog Alert in U.S.,” May 1997, at http://www.aqmd.gov/news1/Archives/History/stage3.html (“auto travel”); Chip Jacobs and William Kelly, Smogtown: The Lung-Burning History of Pollution in Los Angeles (New York: Overlook Press, 2008), p. 162 (“greatest concentration”).
7 Los Angeles Times, March 22 1977; Los Angeles Times, March 19, 1977.
8 South Coast Air Quality Management District, The Southland’s War on Smog: Fifty Years of Progress Toward Clean Air, May 1997; Mary Nichols, remarks, Wall Street Journal Eco-Nomics Conference, March 4, 2011.
9 Daniel Sperling and Deborah Golden, Two Billion Cars: Driving Toward Sustainability (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), p. 24 (“real culprit”); interview with Tom Stricker.
10 Bloomberg, July 18, 2008.
11 Interview with Fred Smith; Fred Smith, testimony, U.S. Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee, June 22, 2010.
12 Seth Fletcher, Bottle Lightning: Superbatteries, Electric Cars, and the New Lithium Economy (New York: Hill and Wang , 2011), pp. 30–35; National Research Council, Transition to Alternative Transportation Technologies: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2010), p. 9.
13 Fortune, July 11, 2008.
14 Fortune, July 1, 2010 (lithium-ion batteries); New Yorker, August 24, 2009 (“hugely underestimated,” “logjam”); Elon Musk, “In the Beginning,” Tesla Blog, June 22, 2009 (“redesigned”); Wired, October 2010; Robert Lutz to author.
15 Scott Doggett, “32 Hours Needed to Charge at Tesla Roadster Using Common Electrical Outlet,” Edmonds.com, July 7, 2008, at http://blogs.edmunds.com/greencaradvisor/2008/07/32-hoursneeded-to-charg....
16 Interview with Carlos Ghosn; Fortune, February 19, 2010 (“mermaid,” “not a bet”).
17 Bloomberg, July 15, 2010.
18 Interview with Lee Schipper (“emissions elsewhere”).
19 IHS CERA, “Automotive Scenarios 2010”; Electrification Coalition, Electrification Roadmap: Revolutionizing Transportation and Achieving Energy Security (Washington, DC: Electrification Coalition, 2009).
20 Interview with Steve Koonin.
21 Calvin Timmerman, “Smart Grid’s Future: Evaluating Policy Opportunities and Challenges after the Recovery Act,” Brookings Institution, July 24, 2010.
22 Interview with Rick Wagoner.
23 Interview with Carlos Ghosn.
24 Zhang Guobao, speech, U.S.-China Strategic Forum on Clean Energy Cooperation, Brookings Institution, January 18, 2011.
25 Fortune, April 13, 2009.
26 Reuters, December 29, 2009.
27 Interview with Tom Stricker.
28 California Fuel Cell Partnership, “Station Map,” at: http://www.cafcp.org/stationmap.
29 Mary Barcella, “Natural Gas for Transportation: Niche Market or More?” IHS CERA, October 13, 2010.
30 Dieter Zetsche, remarks, Wall Street Journal Eco-Nomics Conference, March 13, 2008; Bill Ford, remarks, Wall Street Journal Eco-Nomics Conference, March 3, 2011.
31 Interview with John Heywood.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
I want to express great appreciation to the following people for sharing their observations, experience, and insights. Most of the interviews were conducted for the book; a few were conducted prior to commencing this book.
Interviews
Victor Abate
Terence Adams
Vagit Alekperov
Naohiro Amaya
Abdullah bin Hamad al-Attiyeh
Jose Sergio Gabrielli de Azevedo
Jean Blancard
Samuel Bodman
John Browne
John Bryson
George Caraghiaur
Phil Carroll
Guy Caruso
Fu Chengyu
James Connaughton
David Davis
James Dehlsen
Thierry Demarest
Paula Dobriansky
Archie Dunham
Michael Eckhart
Ira Ehrenpreis
Stuart Eizenstat
Daniel Esty
Donald Evans
Richard Fairbanks
Khalid Al-Falih
Hans-Josef Fell
Mark Fisher
Nancy Floyd
Ronald Freeman
Yegor Gaidar
Carlos Ghosn
Samuel Gillespie
Luis Giusti
Leon Glicksman
Joseph Goffman
Jose Goldemberg
Valerii Graefer
C. Boyden Gray
Wu Guihui
Richard Haass
Chuck Hagel
Richard Hamilton
David Harwood
Lew Hay III
Denis Hayes
John Hess
John Heywood
Chris Hunt
John Imle
Shirley Jackson
Zhou Jiping
Jan Kalicki
Yoriko Kawaguchi
Joseph Kelliher
Robert Kelly
David King
George Kistiakowsky
Steve Koonin
Fred Krupp
Jeffrey Kupfer
Aleksander Kwasniewski
Philippe de Ladoucette
Ray Lane
Andrew Liveris
Amory Lovins
Rob McKee
Robert Maguire
James Mahoney
Ed Markey
Georgina Kessel Martinez
Richard Matzke
Paul Maycock
Robert Metcalfe
Marty Miller
Anton Milner
Elizabeth Moler
Ernest Moniz
Mark Moody-Stuart
Ed Morse
Masahisa Naitoh
John Negroponte
Larry Nichols
William Nordhaus
Lucio Noto
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
Jim O’Neill
Raymond Orbach
David O’Reilly
Rajendra Pachauri
Andris Piebalgs
James Placke
Rafe Pomerantz
Jean Posbic
Joseph Pratt
Lucian Pugliaresi
Zhou Qingzu
Lee Raymond
William Reilly
Robert Righter
Matt Rogers
Peter R. Rose
Taichi Sakaiya (Kotaro Ikeguchi)
David Sandalow
Richard Sandor
Hermann Scheer
Lee Schipper
James Schlesinger
Gerhard Schroeder
Brent Scowcroft
Philip Sharp
Gordon Shearer
Robert Shiller
A. L. Shrier
Scott Sklar
Jeffery Smisek
Robert Stavins
Nicholas Stern
Dan Steward
Tom Stricker
John Sununu
Tulsi Tanit
Wang Tao
George Tenet
John Tully
Takayuki Ueda
Peter Varadi
Rick Wagoner
Charles Wald
Richard Wells
William Wicker
Mason Willrich
Tim Wirth
Shi Zhengrong
Liu Zhenya
Other Interviews
Heydar Aliyev. Azerbaijan International. Winter 1994.
Gustaf Arrhenius. Oral History Project. Scripps Institution of Oceanography Library.
Commanding Heights. PBS. 2001. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights.
William Draper III
Stanley Fischer
Mikhail Gorbachev
Robert Rubin
James Hansen. Frontline. PBS. January 10, 2007.
Roger Revelle. Oral history. The Bancroft Library. University of California. Berkeley, 1986.
Admiral Hyman Rickover. 60 Minutes. CBS. December 1984.
Tim Wirth. Frontline. PBS. January 17, 2007.
Data and Statistical Sources
A very wide range of data sources underpin the narrative. The most important and easily accessible are the extraordinary resources of the EIA—the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Two other important sources are the International Energy Agency and the BP Statistical Review, and the tables that support it. Extensive use has been made of the IHS CERA and IHS energy databases and those of IHS Emerging Energy Research and IHS Global Insight, covering a wide range from upstream field-by-field data to solar panel shipments to economic growth. Other important sources are the International Monetary Fund