. . . took their places: Ibid.; background on development board meetings: Hall, Feilmeier, Jeremy Jones, interviews by author, 2013–14.
Koch Industries . . . since at least the 1990s: Watson, interviews by author, 2016; Joe Hise, former Farmland Industries fertilizer sales manager in Enid, Oklahoma, interviews by author, 2014–15.
Farmland would, in fact, collapse . . . destroyed it: Bob Terry, former Farmland Industries CEO, interview by author, 2013; “Farmland Industries Files for Protection Under Chapter 11,” GrainNet, last modified May 31, 2002; David Barboza, “Facing Huge Debt, Large Farm Co-op Is Closing Down; Farmland Industries Battled Major Food Conglomerates,” New York Times, September 16, 2003.
Packebush and his team . . . identified something that no one else saw: Packebush, interview by author, 2013.
he and the development board considered the plan: Hall, Markel, Charles Koch, interviews by author, 2013–15.
The development board . . . all three of these criteria: Packebush, interview by author, 2013; Leonard, “The New Koch.”
The timing was perfect. Farmland’s CEO, Bob Terry: Bob Terry, interview by author, 2013.
The delegation . . . mild spring day: Packebush, interview by author, 2013; weather conditions from historic weather database; Nancy Seewald, “Koch Wins Farmland’s Fertilizer Assets,” Chemical Week, April 2, 2003; Barboza, “Facing Huge Debt”; images of Farmland mural taken from online archive.
The American economy in 2003: Souleles, interviews by author, 2017; Appelbaum and Batt, Private Equity at Work, 18–21.
Between 2000 and 2012 . . . took companies private: Applebaum and Batt, Private Equity at Work, 37.
There was a large table: Packebush, Terry, interviews by author, 2013.
Agrium was the largest . . . producer: Robert Westervelt, “Full-Year Earnings Disappoint,” Chemical Week, May 21, 2003; Seewald, “Koch Wins.”
The glossy photos . . . were taken down: Packebush, interview by author, 2013; notes from Packebush’s office, 2013.
Koch Nitrogen was renamed Koch Fertilizer: Packebush, Beckett, interviews by author, 2013–16; notes from reporting at Koch Fertilizer offices, 2013; Leonard, “The New Koch.”
CHAPTER 15: SEIZING GEORGIA-PACIFIC
This time . . . dispatched to Atlanta: Hannan, Wesley Jones, interviews by author, 2016; Christopher Leonard, “An Inside Look at How Koch Industries Does Business,” Washington Post, July 1, 2017.
The team from Koch . . . Georgia-Pacific tower: Hannan, Wesley Jones, interviews by author, 2016; notes and photos from reporting at Georgia-Pacific tower, 2016; Georgia-Pacific, 10-K filing for fiscal year 2003.
When they arrived . . . a hushed cocoon of luxury: Hannan, Wesley Jones, interviews by author, 2016; notes and photos from reporting at fifty-first floor of Georgia-Pacific Tower, 2016.
Georgia-Pacific was founded in 1927 . . . lumber yard: Doug Monroe, The Maverick Spirit: Georgia-Pacific at 75 (Old Saybrook, CT: Greenwich Pub. Group, 2001); Claudia H. Deutsch, “Georgia-Pacific to Acquire Fort James,” New York Times, July 18, 2000.
Georgia-Pacific’s stock price was still struggling: Hannan, Wesley Jones, interviews by author, 2016.
After their trip to the Pink Palace . . . pulp mills: Hannan, interview by author, 2016; “Koch Cellulose and Subsidiaries Acquire Fluff, Market Pulp Business,” BusinessWire, May 10, 2004; Roxana Hegeman, “Koch Industries to Buy Georgia-Pacific’s Pulp Operations,” Associated Press, January 29, 2004.
This acquisition . . . was just a down payment: Hannan, Wesley Jones, interviews by author, 2016; Charles Koch, Good Profit, 48–50.
In November of 2003, Koch agreed to buy DuPont’s synthetic fiber plants: Hannan, interview by author, 2016; “Koch Industries Subsidiaries to Purchase Invista,” BusinessWire, November 17, 2003; Randall Chase, “DuPont Sells Textile Unit to Koch Industries,” Associated Press, November 18, 2003; “Koch Completes Acquisition of Invista Textile Business,” Associated Press, May 1, 2004.
Invista became a laboratory: David Hoffmann, interviews by author, 2016–17.
After Koch bought Invista . . . compliance attorneys: Ibid.
Hoffmann worked in the new Invista headquarters: Ibid.; reporting notes from Invista headquarters, 2013, 2018.
Koch Industries backed up the philosophy with drastic actions: Hoffmann, interviews by author, 2016–17; Invista B.V. et al. v. E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Co., Complaint, March 26, 2008.
The Brunswick pulp mill . . . southern charm with a futuristic: Wesley Jones, interviews by author, 2016; reporting notes and photos from Brunswick mill, 2016.
Karen Marx, a logistics manager: Karen Marx, interview by author, 2016; reporting notes from Savannah mill, 2016.
Charles Koch gained confidence: Charles Koch, Good Profit, 48–50; Georgia-Pacific 10-K filing for fiscal year 2005; Michael Arndt, “Koch: Very Private, and a Lot Bigger,” Bloomberg Businessweek, November 15, 2005; Dennis K. Berman and Chad Terhune, “Koch Industries Agrees to Buy Georgia-Pacific,” Wall Street Journal, November 14, 2005.
To make a debt-fueled deal work: Souleles, interviews by author, 2017; Souleles, Songs of Profit, Songs of Loss: Private Equity, Wealth, and Inequality (Lincoln: University of