journal article had called white-tailed deer: Both this article and the next, quoted in Ostfeld (2011), 22.
247. “The higher the number of deer in an area”: The Dover-Sherborn Press, January 12, 2011.
247. “Any infectious disease is inherently an ecological system”: Ostfeld (2011), 4.
248. “Thus began my interest in Lyme disease ecology”: Ostfeld (2011), x.
249. “a messy and challenging task”: Ostfeld (2011), 48.
250. “exquisitely sensitive” to chemical and physical signals: Ostfeld (2011), 23.
250. the word is “questing”: Ostfeld (2011), 23.
251. Ostfeld and others call “reservoir competence”: Ostfeld (2011), 12.
258. “We know that walking into a small woodlot”: Ostfeld (2011), 9.
258. Some people take “All life is connected” to be: Ostfeld (2011), 6–7.
258. a sort of cystlike stage known as a “round body”: Margulis et al. (2009), 52.
VI. Going Viral
265. “the sap of leaves infected with tobacco mosaic disease”: Levine (1992), 2.
267. “encouraged by the study of the so-called ‘filterable virus’ agents”: Zinsser (1934), 63.
267. “Here, as in bacterial disease”: Zinsser (1934), 64.
268. “a piece of bad news wrapped up in a protein”: Quoted in Crawford (2000), 6.
273. “pain, redness, and slight swelling” around the bite: Sabin and Wright (1934), 116.
273. They called it simply “the B virus”: Sabin and Wright (1934), 133.
278. “no case” of human infection with the virus: Engel et al. (2002), 792.
288. “a virus in search of a disease”: Weiss (1988), 497.
295. the most “efficient” parasite, in Pasteur’s view: Pasteur’s view as summarized and reaffirmed by Rene Dubos, quoted in Ewald (1994), 188–89.
295. “a more perfect mutual tolerance”: Zinsser (1934), 61.
295. “In general terms, where two organisms have developed”: Burnet (1940), 37.
296. “A disease organism that kills its host quickly”: McNeill (1976), 9.
297. “started jumping up and down, biting other animals”: Quoted in ProMED-mail post, April 22, 2011.
297. “He barked like a dog,” his wife recalled later: Quoted in ProMED-mail post, April 1, 2011.
298. Austin was an “ardent acclimatizer”: Fenner and Ratcliffe (1965), 17.
299. causing what was called a “spectacular epizootic”: Fenner and Ratcliffe (1965), 276.
301. “Laboratory experiments showed that all field strains”: Fenner (1983), 265.
304. “weave together” the two approaches: Anderson and May (1979), 361.
304. “unsupported statements” in medical and ecological textbooks: Anderson and May (1982), 411.
306. “Our major conclusion,” wrote Anderson and May: Anderson and May (1982), 424.
VII. Celestial Hosts
315. “Pigs are a common host for the virus”: New Straits Times, January 7, 1999.
316. “It became known as a one-mile barking cough”: Hume Field was the expert, quoted in a 60 Minutes (of Australia) television interview.
327. “touching dead animals” looked like it might be important: Montgomery et al. (2008), 1529, Table 2.
328. “increases the risk for wider spread”: Gurley et al. (2007), 1036.
331. “Owners viewed the fruit bats as a nuisance”: Luby et al. (2006), 1892.
344. “the revenge of the rain forest”: Preston (1994), 289.
350. Do bats have a different “set point”: Calisher et al. (2006), 536.
351. “Emphasis, sometimes complete emphasis, on nucleotide sequence”: Calisher et al. (2006), 541.
351. “we are simply waiting for the next”: Calisher et al. (2006), 540.
351. “The natural reservoir hosts of these viruses have not yet been identified”: Calisher et al. (2006), 539.
356. “is only one of many such cave populations”: Towner et al. (2009), 2.
372. “Patient C was the father of a 4-year-old girl”: Leroy et al. (2009), 5.
372. “Thus, virus transmission may have occurred”: Leroy et al. (2009), 6.
373. “In fact, it is highly likely that several other persons”: Leroy et al. (2009), 5.
VIII. The Chimp and the River
385. “profoundly depressed” in number: Gottlieb et al. (1981), 251.
387. “strikingly similar to the syndrome of immunodeficiency”: Pitchenik et al. (1983), 277.
387. written about as the man who “carried the virus out of Africa”: e.g., Wikipedia, “Gaëtan Dugas,” citing Auerbach et al. (1984), although Auerbach et al. do not make that assertion.
387. vain but charming, even “gorgeous” in some eyes: Shilts (1987), 47.
388. “I’ve got gay cancer”: Shilts (1987), 165.
388. “Although the cause of AIDS is unknown”: Auerbach et al. (1984), 490.
388. to the more resonant “Patient Zero” of his book: Shilts (1987), 23.
389. “I’d better go home to die”: Shilts (1987), 6.
391. “AIDS could not be caused by a conventional bacterium”: Montagnier (2000), 42.
393. “more than 4000 individuals in the world”: Levy et al. (1984), 840.
393. “Our data cannot reflect a contamination”: Levy et al. (1984), 842.
396. “In 1985, the highest rates of HIV were reported”: Essex and Kanki (1988), 68.
396. “must have evolved mechanisms”: Essex and Kanki (1988), 68.
396. “not close enough to make it likely that SIV”: Essex and Kanki (1988), 69.