Spillover - By David Quammen Page 0,226

Mulder (1988), 396.

399. sampled by the Japanese team, because it was “of Kenyan origin”: Fukasawa et al. (1988), 457.

401. revealed that the virus was “endemic” among them: Murphey-Corb et al. (1986), 437.

402. “These results suggest that SIVsm has infected macaques”: Hirsch et al. (1989), 389.

414. with material direct from a “vaccinal sore”: Willrich (2011), 181.

415. “The origin of the AIDS virus is of no importance”: Quoted in Curtis (1992), 21.

415. “It’s distracting, it’s nonproductive, it’s confusing”: Quoted in Curtis (1992), 21.

416. “The controversy surrounding the source of the Nile”: Hooper (1999), 4.

421. “Our estimation of divergence times”: Worobey et al. (2008), 663.

423. “the most persuasive evidence yet”: Weiss and Wrangham (1999), 385.

428. “We show here that the SIVcpzPtt strain that gave rise”: Keele at al. (2006), 526.

428. “In humans, direct exposure to animal blood”: Hahn et al. (2000), 611.

428. “The likeliest route of chimpanzee-to-human transmission”: Sharp and Hahn (2010), 2492.

429. “a hard mission field,” according to one Swedish missionary: Quoted in Martin (2002), 25.

430. “a low-risk type of prostitution”: Pepin (2011), 90.

437. “Until recently, the Bakweles have been using chimps”: From the typewritten, unpublished report of my anonymous source in Yokadouma.

464. “survived their own AIDS-like pandemic”: Cohen (2002), 15.

477. “that SIVcpz has a substantial negative impact”: Keele et al. (2009), 515.

479. “The Congo contains various health institutions”: Beheyt (1953), quoted in Pepin (2011), 164.

479. “The large number of patients and the small quantity of syringes”: Beheyt (1953), quoted in Pepin (2011), 164.

481. “consisted of thousands of asymptomatic free women”: Pepin (2011), 161.

485. “there must have been a very effective amplification mechanism”: Pepin (2011), 196.

IX. It Depends

496. “From the ecological point of view an outbreak”: Berryman (1987), 3.

497. “When Homo sapiens passed the six-billion mark”: Wilson (2002), 86.

498. “seems to imply a dominant force”: Myers (1993), 240.

512. “The first criterion is the most obvious”: Burke (1998), 7.

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