Darrow to Whitlock, Nov. 17, 1902, BW.
5. Chicago Tribune, May 17, 1904; Masters to Harrison, Mar. 21, 1938, and Masters to Barnard, May 22, 1938, ALW; Masters, “My Youth in the Spoon River Country” manuscript and Across Spoon River manuscript and unfinished chapters, ELM; Masters, Across Spoon River; Ruby Darrow letters to Stone, CD-LOC.
6. Chicago Tribune, Mar. 16, 17, 1905, Jan. 7, 1912; New York Times, Oct. 24, 1903; Darrow to Mrs. Lloyd, Oct. 19, 1903, HDL; Turner v. Williams, 194 US 279; Sidney Fine, “Anarchism and the Assassination of McKinley,” American Historical Review, July 1955; Masters, “My Youth in the Spoon River Country” manuscript and Across Spoon River manuscript and unfinished chapters, ELM; Masters, Across Spoon River.
7. Darrow’s letter to the Daily News appears to have inspired a myth that he “fixed” the Iroquois Theatre probe. It was cited in a 1929 book by Lloyd Lewis and Henry Justin Smith (Chicago: The History of Its Reputation [New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1929] and picked up by later writers as proof that Darrow had helped Harrison escape justice. Darrow’s defense of the chief engineer of the capsized lake steamer Eastland in 1915—an accident that claimed more than eight hundred lives—shows that he was more than willing to take the unpopular side in such matters, but the available public record in the Iroquois case shows that Levy Mayer was the criminal defense lawyer, A. S. Trude represented Harrison, and Darrow, Masters & Wilson represented the families of victims who sued the theater owners. Anthony Hatch, whose book Tinder Box (Chicago: Academy Chicago Publishers, 2003) offers the most thorough account of the fire, found no evidence that Darrow played a nefarious role. And Masters and Harrison, two prolific memoirists who wrote about the Iroquois tragedy, and exchanged venomous gossip about Darrow, never mention his involvement in the episode. See Harrison, Stormy Years, and Masters, Levy Mayer and the New Industrial Era (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1927); see also Chicago Herald, Jan. 27, 28, 1904; Chicago Chronicle, Jan. 30, 1904; Chicago Tribune, Nov. 24, Dec. 31, 1903, Jan. and Feb. 1904, and May 28, 1907; New York Times, Dec. 31, 1903, Jan. 1904; Chicago Fire Marshall, Annual Report, 1903.
8. The American was the inspiration for the play and motion picture The Front Page. Darrow also defended the newspaper when its two-thousand-pound electric sign, the biggest in the city, pulled free from its moorings and showered Mary Spiss, a woman on the sidewalk below, with chunks of masonry that broke her arm and thigh. The sign was illegal; the newspaper was found guilty of negligence, and she was awarded $8,000. Chicago Tribune, Aug. 5, 1896, Mar. 28, 1904; Lloyd to Bowles, Mar 17, 1897, HDL; Hearst’s Chicago American v. Mary E. Spiss, 117 Ill. App. 436; George Murray, The Madhouse on Madison Street (Chicago: Follett, 1965); W. A. Swanberg, Citizen Hearst (New York: Scribner’s, 1961).
9. The Oakley case was appealed, and she and the newspaper ultimately reached a settlement. Masters, Across Spoon River, and “My Youth” and “The Two Annie Oakleys,” manuscripts, ELM; Chicago Tribune, Aug. 10, Oct. 2, 3, 29, Nov. 2, 16, 17, 27, 28, 30, Dec. 8, 1901; Chicago Record Herald, Dec. 4, 1901; Chicago Daily News, Dec. 7, 1901; the most colorful and complete coverage of Darrow’s closing address was in the Chicago American, of course, of Dec. 4, 1901.
10. In the fall, Darrow wavered between the populist Tom Watson and the socialist Eugene Debs, who were on the ballot as minor-party candidates. Schilling to Charles Riefler, June 11 and 13, George Schilling papers, University of Chicago; Paul Darrow interview with Stone, CD-LOC; Chicago Tribune, Nov. 21, 1903, Mar. 28, June 15, July 9, Oct. 13, 28, Nov. 11, 1904; Washington Post, July 9, 1904; New York Times, June 21, July 4, 6, 8, 10, 1904; Ray Ginger, Altgeld’s America (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1958); Champ Clark, My Quarter Century of American Politics (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1920); Ben Procter, William Randolph Hearst: The Early Years (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998); Alfred P. Dennis, “The Anomaly of Our National Convention,” Political Science Quarterly, June 1905.
11. New York Times, Oct. 8, 1904, Sept. 13, 1905; Chicago Tribune, Apr. 24, Oct. 1, 1904, Oct. 14, 1905; Howells to Darrow, Nov. 20, 1903, Howells to Darrow, with rejection note, Jan. 21, 1904, CD-UML; Hamlin Garland, Companions on the Trail (New York: Macmillan, 1931); Darrow, Farmington and An Eye for an Eye (Girard, KS: Haleman-Julius, 1905).
12. Yerkes was