Positive illusions: Johnson, 2004; Tavris & Aronson, 2007; Taylor, 1989.
88. Self-deception and lie detection: von Hippel & Trivers, 2011.
89. Advantages of self-deception: Trivers, 1976, in press; von Hippel & Trivers, 2011.
90. Churchill: Quoted in Johnson, 2004, p. 1.
91. Deluded war leaders: Luard, 1986, pp. 204, 212, 268–69.
92. Initiators often lose their wars: Johnson, 2004, p. 4; Lindley & Schildkraut, 2005; Luard, 1986, p. 268.
93. Military incompetence as self-deception: Wrangham, 1999b.
94. War game: Johnson et al., 2006.
95. Groupthink in the Bush administration: K. Alter, “Is Groupthink driving us to war?” Boston Globe, Sept. 21, 2002.
96. Groupthink: Janis, 1982.
97. Logic of trivial altercations: Daly & Wilson, 1988, p. 127.
98. Logic of dominance: Daly & Wilson, 1988; Dawkins, 1976/1989; Maynard Smith, 1988.
99. Alliances in dominance: Boehm, 1999; de Waal, 1998.
100. Displays in dominance: Dawkins, 1976/1989; Maynard Smith, 1988.
101. Common knowledge: Chwe, 2001; Lee & Pinker, 2010; Lewis, 1969; Pinker, 2007b.
102. Culture of honor predicts violence: Brezina, Agnew, Cullen, & Wright, 2004.
103. Audience effect: Felson, 1982; Baumeister, 1997, pp. 155–56. See also McCullough, 2008; McCullough, Kurzban, & Tabak, 2010.
104. Dominance and group size: Baumeister, 1997, p. 167.
105. Forgiveness in primates: de Waal, 1996; McCullough, 2008.
106. Forgiveness only among kin or cooperators: McCullough, 2008.
107. Chimps don’t reconcile across community lines: Van der Dennen, 2005; Wrangham & Peterson, 1996; Wrangham et al., 2006.
108. Men more obsessed by status: Browne, 2002; Susan M. Pinker, 2008; Rhoads, 2004.
109. Men take more risks: Byrnes, Miller, & Schafer, 1999; Daly & Wilson, 1988; Johnson, 2004; Johnson et al., 2006; Rhoads, 2004.
110. Labor economists and gender gaps: Browne, 2002; Susan M. Pinker, 2008; Rhoads, 2004.
111. Gender gap in violence: Archer, 2006b, 2009; Buss, 2005; Daly & Wilson, 1988; Geary, 2010; Goldstein, 2001.
112. Biological basis of sex difference: Geary, 2010; Pinker, 2002, chap. 18; Archer, 2009; Blum, 1997; Browne, 2002; Halpern, 2000.
113. Relational aggression: Geary, 2010; Crick, Ostrov, & Kawabata, 2007.
114. Dominance and sex appeal: Buss, 1994; Daly & Wilson, 1988; Ellis, 1992; Symons, 1979.
115. Ancient perquisites of dominance: Betzig, 1986; Betzig, Borgerhoff Mulder, & Turke, 1988.
116. Modern sex appeal of dominance: Buss, 1994; Ellis, 1992.
117. Sex differences in the brain: Blum, 1997; Geary, 2010; Panksepp, 1998.
118. Guyness: N. Angier, “Does testosterone equal aggression? Maybe not,” New York Times, Jun. 20, 1995.
119. Testosterone and challenge: Archer, 2006b; Dabbs & Dabbs, 2000; Johnson et al., 2006; McDermott, Johnson, Cowden, & Rosen, 2007.
120. Parenting versus mating effort: Buss, 1994; Buss & Schmitt, 1993.
121. Paradox of greater risk-taking in youth: Daly & Wilson, 2005.
122. Violence over the life cycle: Daly & Wilson, 1988, 2000; Rogers, 1994.
123. The self-esteem myth: Baumeister, 1997; Baumeister, Smart, & Boden, 1996.
124. “multitalented superachievers”: Quoted in Baumeister, 1997, p. 144.
125. Explaining Hitler: Rosenbaum, 1998, p. xii.
126. Narcissistic personality disorder in DSM-IV: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
127. Narcissism, borderline, and psychopathic disorders in tyrants: Bullock, 1991; Oakley, 2007; Shermer, 2004. See also Chirot, 1994; Glover, 1999.
128. Social identity: Brown, 1985; Pratto, Sidanius, & Levin, 2006; Sidanius & Pratto, 1999; Tajfel, 1981; Tooby, Cosmides, & Price, 2006.
129. Mood and sports teams: Brown, 1985.
130. Testosterone after a sports match: Archer, 2006b; Dabbs & Dabbs, 2000; McDermott et al., 2007.
131. Testosterone after an election: Stanton et al., 2009.
132. In-group favoritism: Brown, 1985; Hewstone, Rubin, & Willis, 2002; Pratto et al., 2006; Sidanius & Pratto, 1999; Tajfel, 1981.
133. Little racists: Aboud, 1989. Babies, race, and accent: Kinzler, Shutts, DeJesus, & Spelke, 2009.
134. Social dominance: Pratto et al., 2006; Sidanius & Pratto, 1999.
135. Races versus coalitions: Kurzban, Tooby, & Cosmides, 2001; Sidanius & Pratto, 1999.
136. Accent and prejudice: Tucker & Lambert, 1969; Kinzler et al., 2009.
137. Ressentiment: Chirot, 1994, chap. 12; Goldstein, 2001, p. 409; Baumeister, 1997, p. 152.
138. German ressentiment: Chirot, 1994, chap. 12; Goldstein, 2001, p. 409; Baumeister, 1997.
139. Islamic ressentiment: Fattah & Fierke, 2009.
140. Hollandization: Mueller, 1989.
141. Skepticism about ancient hatreds: Brown, 1997; Fearon & Laitin, 1996; Fearon & Laitin, 2003; Lacina, 2006; Mueller, 2004a; van Evera, 1994.
142. Number of languages: Pinker, 1994, chap. 8.
143. Ethnic comity in the developed world: Brown, 1997.
144. Policing loose cannons: Fearon & Laitin, 1996.
145. Rubegoldbergian governments: Asal & Pate, 2005; Bell, 2007b; Brown, 1997; Mnookin, 2007; Sowell, 2004; Tyrrell, 2007. Rugby team as national unifier: Carlin, 2008.
146. Identity and violence: Appiah, 2006; Sen, 2006.
147. Men at both ends of racism: Pratto et al., 2006; Sidanius & Pratto, 1999; Sidanius & Veniegas, 2000.
148. War and Gender: Goldstein, 2001.
149. Queens who waged war: Luard, 1986, p. 194.
150. War as a man’s game: Gottschall, 2008.
151. Feminism and pacifism: Goldstein, 2001; Mueller, 1989.
152. Gender gap in opinion polls: Goldstein, 2001, pp. 329–30.
153. Gender
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