371–72
iatrogenic infections, 415
Iban people, 154, 157
ibuprofen, 362
ICDDR,B (International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh), 328, 330, 375, 379–81
immortalized cell lineages, 184
immunodeficiency, 385, 387
“Increased Mortality and AIDS-like Immunopathology in Wild Chimpanzees Infected with SIVcpz” (Keele et al.), 476–77
incubation periods, 264–65
index cases, 25
India, 276
AIDS in, 483
A. leucosphyrus in, 163
malaria in, 147
polio in, 22
Indian Medical Service (IMS), 127–28
Indonesia, 152, 163, 276, 277
infectious disease:
applied mathematics in research on, 129–35, 141–48
artificiality of distinction between zoonotic and nonzoonotic, 137
basic reproduction rate in, see R0
Burnet on, 234–37
critical community size in, 129–30, 349
dead-end hosts and, 83, 164, 294, 343, 373, 480
ecological disturbance and, 23, 40, 41
as ecosystems, 247, 251
emergent and re-emergent, 42–45
eradication of, 517–18
future of, 42, 45
germ theory of, 130, 265, 517
immunity to, 129–30
and population size of hosts, 303–6
recovery rate in, 305
superspreaders of, 172–73, 176–77, 206, 519
thresholds of, 36, 144, 480
traditional wisdom and, 88–89
infectious disease (continued)
ubiquity of, 20
see also epidemics; pandemics; specific diseases and pathogens
Infectious Diseases of Humans (Anderson and May), 303
Infectious Diseases Society of America (ISDA), 238–39, 259
antitrust investigation of, 239
infectivity, 130, 143–44, 146, 372
loss of, 133–34
pre- vs. postsymptomatic, 207–8
influenza viruses, 237, 499, 512
in birds, 313, 314, 505–6, 507–10
characteristics of, 504, 507
genomes of, 268, 307, 504
mutation rate of, 506
in pigs, 21, 39, 374, 507
reassortment in, 506–8
reservoir hosts of, 313, 505
transmissibility of, 291
as viruses, 24, 270
as zoonoses, 14, 21, 42, 164, 505
see also specific strains
Institut Pasteur, 390
interferon, 108
intermediate roundleaf bat (Hipposideros larvatus), 201
International Commission, 69–70
International Primatological Society, 286
intravenous drug users:
AIDS in, 390, 391
hepatitis B in, 388
intrinsic evolvability, 512–13
intubation, 173–74
Ipoh, Malaysia, 314, 315, 317
Islam, Arif, 334, 335, 339–42
isolation, of viruses, 25, 38
Ivanofsky, Dmitri, 265–66
Ivindo River, 53, 54, 55, 87, 88, 111, 117
Ixodes scapularis, see deer (blacklegged) tick
Jaax, Nancy, 101
Jamot, Eugène, 479, 480
Jane Goodall Institute, 468, 472–73
Japanese encephalitis (JE), 314–16, 317, 318
Johannesburg, South Africa, 62
Johnson, Karl, 37, 69–70, 74, 346
on pathology of Ebola, 93–96
in search for Ebola reservoir, 70–72, 77
Jolo (boatman), 449, 450
Jones, Kate E., 44
Jones-Engel, Lisa, 277–81, 283–89
Joosten, Astrid, 357–59, 360, 362–63, 364
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 72, 75
Journal of Virology, 194, 464
Junin, 24, 270, 307
Justin, Ekeme, 440
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 241
Kabila, Laurent, 418
Kabongo, Jean-Marie M., 410–12, 421
Kadéï River, 434
Kakao people, 435–36
Kanki, Phyllis, 394–98, 416
Kapit, Malaysia, 154
P. knowlesi infections in, 156–59
Kaposi’s sarcoma, 386–87, 389
Karesh, William B. “Billy,” 64–68, 89, 91, 122, 466
Kasai River, 118
Keele, Brandon F., 424–27, 428, 437, 472–73, 475, 476
Kemp, Alan, 352, 354, 364
Kenya, 399
Kermack, William Ogilvy, 141–44, 146, 236, 303, 367, 518
Khan, Rasheda, 378–79
Khulna, Bangladesh, 335, 336, 339
Kibale National Park, Uganda, 467
Kika, Cameroon, 440, 449
Kikwit, DRC, 72–75, 80, 91–92, 93, 113, 117
Kinshasa (Léopoldville), DRC, 389
emergence of AIDS pandemic in, 428–29, 430–31, 462, 463, 477–78, 481–84
Kinshasa, University of, 410, 417
Kisangani, DRC, 414, 418, 483
Kitaka Cave, 85, 351–55, 358
mark-recapture tagging of bats at, 355, 365
Knowles, Robert, 149–50
Koch, Robert, 131–32, 234, 263, 265, 517
Koprowski, Hilary, 21, 414–15, 417, 418
Korber, Bette, 409
Korea, 24
Kota language, 90
Kowloon, China, 170, 193
Krief, Sabrina, 139–40
Ksiazek, Tom, 364–65
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 276
Kuching, Malaysia, 153–54, 156–57
Kyasanur Forest virus, 21, 313
Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, 391
Lacks, Henrietta, 184
La Crosse virus, 346
LAGA (Last Great Ape Organization), 432
Lam, Sai Kit “Ken,” 315–16, 317, 318, 319
Lancet, 160
Laos, 163
larch budmoths, 496
Lassa virus, 21, 39, 40, 67, 270, 307, 313, 358
LAV (lymphadenopathy virus), 392–93
see also HIV
Laver, William Graeme, 505–6
Laveran, Alphonse, 128
Leakey, Louis, 470
least horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus pusillus), 201, 202, 206
Leeuwenhoek, Anton van, 263
Legionaire’s disease, 43–44
Legionella pneumophila, 43–44
Lentivirus, 297, 308
Léopoldville, see Kinshasa, DRC
Lepidoptera, outbreaks in, 495–96, 498
crashes in, 498–503
leprosy, 400–401, 478
Leroy, Eric M., 54, 114–17, 118, 120–22, 370–73, 403
Lesotho, 483
Levy, Jay A., 393
Li, Wendong, 194–95, 202
Libreville, Gabon, 62, 119
Lipkin, Ian, 514–15
Lipu, China, 203–5
Lister, Joseph, 131–32, 265
Litchfield National Park, Australia, 366
Little Mulgrave, Australia, 46, 48
Liu, Weimin, 140–41
Liu Jianlun, 174–75, 206
Lloyd-Smith, J. O., 172
Lobeke, Cameroon, 426
Lobeke National Park, Cameroon, 435, 438
Loeffler, Friedrich, 266
logging, 67, 433–35, 439
London, 1858 cholera outbreak in, 131
Lonsdorf, Elizabeth, 474–75
Los Angeles, Calif., early AIDS cases in, 385–86, 388, 389, 489
Lossi Gorilla Sanctuary, 63, 64, 65, 91, 120, 124
Lubumbashi, DRC, 483
Luby, Stephen, 328–33, 375
Luebo, DRC, 370–73
Lumumba, Patrice, 484
Luzon, Philippines, SARS in, 167
Lymantria dispar (gypsy moths), 496, 499, 500–501, 520–21
Lyme, Conn., 212, 241
Lyme disease, 21, 23, 238–59, 511
biogeography of, 256–59
biological diversity and risk of, 255–56
“chronic,” 238–39, 259
and deer population levels, 246–47
deer ticks as vector for, 212–13, 241–42, 255
as ecosystem, 247, 251, 253–54
prehistory of, 239–42
as vector-borne disease, 238
Lyme disease (continued)
and white-footed mouse population levels, 252, 253–54
Lyme Disease: The Ecology of a Complex System
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