Humanitarian Revolution
introduction of concept
and technologies
use of terms
women’s rights
Rindermann, Heiner
risk perception, see fear
Rivers, Eugene
Rizzolatti, Giacomo
Robbers Cave study
Roberts, Adam
Robespierre, Maximilien
Robinson, Paul
robots
rock music
Rockwell, Norman
Roe v. Wade
Rolling Stones
Roman Empire
animals in
Carthage vs.
Colosseum in
crucifixion in
fall of
gladiators in
human life devalued in
infanticide in
Roman law
Roman Republic, slavery in
Romanticism
romantic militarism
romantic nationalism
Roosevelt, Eleanor
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
Roosevelt, Theodore
Rosenau, James
Rosenbaum, Ron
Rosenberg, Julius and Ethel
Rostand, Edmond, Les Romantesques
Rostow, Elspeth
Roth, Randolph
Rothstein, Richard
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
Rozin, Paul
Rubin, Jerry
Rule of Law measure
Rummel, Rudolf J.
Rumsfeld, Donald
Rush, Benjamin
Rushdie, Salman
Rusk, Dean
Ruskin, John
Russell, Bertrand
Russett, Bruce
Russia:
capital punishment in
civil war in
and Cold War, see USSR
compulsory military service in
crime in
peasant uprisings in
retaliation in
terrorism in
Time of Troubles
and World War I
Russian Revolution
Rwanda
Ryder, Norman
Saakashvili, Mikheil
sacred values
Sadat, Anwar
Sade, Marquis de
sadism
introduction of concept
psychology of
by serial killers
and torture
Sagan, Carl
Sagan, Scott
Sageman, Marc
Sailer, Steven
Saint Pierre, Abbé de
Salehyan, Idean
Salem witch trials
Salmon, Catherine
Sampson, Robert
Samuel
Sand Creek Massacre
Santayana, George
Sassoon, Siegfried
SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test)
satire
Saudi Arabia
Saul, King
Saunders, J. J.
savage, use of term
Saxe, Rebecca
Sayers, Dorothy L.
Scandinavia
homicides in
Scarpa, Angela
schadenfreude; see also sadism
Schama, Simon
Schechter, Harold
Schell, Jonathan
Schelling, Friedrich
Schelling, Thomas
schools:
corporal punishment in
education in
weapons in
see also education
Schwager, Raymund
Schweitzer, Albert
Schwerner, Michael
science, value system of
scientific reasoning; see also modernity
Scientific Revolution
Scotland
Scott, Sir Walter
Scully, Diana
Seabrook, John
security dilemma; see also Hobbesian trap
Seeking system
Seinfeld, Jerry
self-control
and Civilizing Process
and counterculture
and crime
and ego depletion
and etiquette
and experience
fatigue of
heritability of
and human brain
and intelligence
introduction of concept
language of
measures of
and reason
sexual
strategies of
self-deception
self-determination
self-domestication
self-esteem
self-help justice
self-organized criticality
self-serving biases
Seligman, Martin
Semai people
sensation seeking; see also attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
September 11 attacks
Serbia
serial killers
serotonin
Servetus, Michael
Sesame Street (TV)
Seven Years’ War
sexism; see also women, attitudes toward; women, male control of; women, as property; women, rights of
sex ratio
sexual abuse
sexual jealousy
sexual revolution
sexual sadism
sexual selection, theory of
sexual self-control
Shaka (Zulu)
Shakespeare, William
Falstaff
Henry IV, Part I,
Henry V,
King Lear
Measure for Measure
The Merchant of Venice
Portia
Shylock
Titus Andronicus
Shasta County, California, ranchers
Shaw, George Bernard
Sheehan, James
Shen, Francis X.
Shepard, Matthew
Shergill, Sukhwinder
Sherriff, R. C.
Shikaki, Khalil
Shotland, Lance
Shultz, George
Shweder, Richard
Sidanius, Jim
siege, use of term
Silence of the Lambs, The (film)
Simon, Paul
Simon, Robert
Simonton, Dean
Singapore
Singer, Peter:
Animal Liberation
The Expanding Circle
Singer, Tania
sins, seven deadly
SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute)
six degrees of separation
Skenazy, Lenore
skepticism
slavery
abolition of
in American South
death toll of
and debt bondage
first-person accounts of
history of
human trafficking
and Islam
and religion
and war
Slovic, Paul
Smith, Adam
The Theory of Moral Sentiments
Smith, John Maynard
Smoot-Hawley Act
Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, The (TV)
Snow, C. P.
social capital
social class
Indian caste system
social contract
social Darwinism
social dilemma
social dominance
social identity
socialism
social mobility
society, as organic system
Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
Society for the Protection of Animals
sociopaths, see antisocial personality disorder; psychopaths
Sokal, Alan
soldiers, see armed forces
Solomon, King
Solomon, Richard
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr
Somoza, Anastasio
Song of the South (film)
Sorokin, Pitirim
souls:
of animals
vs. lives
transmigration of
South, American:
antiblack terrorism in
culture of honor in
slavery in
violence in
South Africa
South-West Africa, genocide in
sovereignty
Soviet Union, see USSR
Sowell, Thomas
Spagat, Michael
Spain
commerce in
Madrid train bombings
wars in
Spanish Inquisition
Spee, Father Friedrich
Spielberg, Steven
Spierenburg, Pieter
Spinoza, Baruch
Spitzer, Steven
Spock, Benjamin
sports, violent
sports fandom
spree killers
Springsteen, Bruce
Sri Lanka
Stalin, Joseph
Stanford Prison Experiment
Starr, Edwin
state-based armed conflict
states:
borders of
centralization of power in
destruction of
economic development of
emergence of
failed
homicide rates in
nonnuclear
and Pacifist’s Dilemma
trust in
war deaths
statistical lives
statistics:
bell curve
cluster illusion
conjunction fallacy
cross-lagged correlation
deadly quarrels
frequency
logarithmic scale
multiple logistic regression
orders of magnitude
patterns in
post hoc vs. a priori comparison
power-law distributions
probability
randomness
regression to the mean
rounding
Steckel, Richard
Steinbeck, John
stereotyping; see also categorization; essentialism, psychological; racism; sexism
Stewart, Jon
Stillwell, Arlene
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Straus, Murray
Stravinsky, Igor
Straw, Margaret
Stroop task
Sturm und Drang movement
Sudan
Suedfeld, Peter
Sugiyama, Lawrence
suicide terrorism
Suk, Jeannie
sunk-cost fallacy; see also loss aversion
Sunstein, Cass
superrationality
suttee
Suttner, Bertha von
Sutton, Willie
Swift, Jonathan
Switzerland
Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA)
Symons, Donald
sympathy; see also empathy
sympathy-altruism hypothesis
systematicity, in cognitive science
Szathmáry, Eörs
Taagepera, Rein
taboos:
chemical weapons
conquest
and euphemism
human life
infanticide
knife
in language
mentality of
and moral sense
national borders
nuclear
and political correctness
psychology of
rape, in video games
torture
tradeoffs
violence against children
weapons of mass destruction
tabula rasa
Tacitus
Tajfel, Henri
Taliban
Talmy, Len
Tamerlane (Timur Lenk)
Tamil Tigers
Tannenwald, Nina
Tanzania
taphonomy
Tavris, Carol
Taylor, Theodore
Tea Party movement
technology:
book production
Christian ideology vs.
and commerce
and cosmopolitanism
Global Village
government as
and information
killing at a distance
and moral progress
robots and drones
weaponry
temperance movement
temporal discounting; see also interest, and self-control
Ten Commandments
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord
territory:
expansion of
fighting for
terrorism
Age of Terror
as asymmetrical warfare
and ethnic riots
failure of
and fear
in history
and Islam
nuclear
power-law distribution of
segregationist
September
statistics of
suicide
testosterone
Tetlock, Philip
Thaler, Richard
That Obscure Object of Desire (film)
Theisen, Ole
theoconservatism
theocracy
theory of mind; see also empathy; mentalizing
third nature
third world, see developing world
Thirty Years’ War
Thomas, Clarence
Thöni, Christian
Three Mile Island
Thucydides
Thurmond, Strom
Thyne, Clayton
Till, Emmett
Tilly, Charles
Titchener, Edward
Tit for Tat game
tit-for-tat retaliation
Tocqueville, Alexis de
Tolstoy, Leo
Tooby, John
torture:
abolition of
death by a thousand cuts
as entertainment
and human sacrifice
of Inquisition
instruments of
of martyrs
in modern democracies
moral rationale of
museums of
as punishment
in Roman Empire
and Roman law
and sadism
salvation attained by
ticking-bomb scenario
and witch executions
totalitarianism
and genocide
see also autocracy; dictatorships; theocracy
total war
Townshend, Pete
Toynbee, Arnold, A Study of History
trade, international
trafficking, see human trafficking
Tragedy of the Commons
Tremblay, Richard
tribalism
tribes:
archaeological sites
and community
elders
group dominance
horse tribes
kinship in
and sorcery
violence between
and witchcraft
see also hunter-gatherers; specific tribes
Trietschke, Heinrich von
Trivers, Robert
Trivers-Willard theory of sex ratios
Trojan War
Trolley Problem
Truman, Harry S.
Trust game
Tuchman, Barbara
Tucker, G. Richard
Tunisia
Turing, Alan
Turkey
Turner, Henry
Tutu, Desmond
Tversky, Amos
Twain, Mark
Huckleberry Finn
Twenge, Jean
20th century, violence in
twin studies:
and behavioral genetics
of criminals
of intelligence
of personality
Tylor, Edward
Tyndale, William
tyranny, see despotism; totalitarianism
UCDP (Uppsala Conflict Data Project)
Uganda
Ukraine
Ultimatum game
Umberto I, king of Italy
unemployment
United Kingdom, see Britain/United Kingdom; England; Ireland; Scotland; Wales
United Nations
Arab Human Development Report
on capital punishment
Committee on Rights of the Child
General Assembly
on genocide
and homosexuality
and Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
and national borders
Office on Drugs and Crime
and peacekeeping
Security Council
UNESCO motto
UNESCO Trafficking Statistics Project
UNICEF Child Survival Revolution
and violence against women
United States:
American Revolution
armed forces of
capital punishment in
closing of the frontier
and Cold War, see Cold War
culture war in
deaths in
decivilization in 1960s,
demographics of
geographical distribution of homicides in
as great power
homicide rates in
immigrants to
migration routes in
nuclear monopoly of
presidential debates
presidents
racism in
recivilization in 1990s,
violence in
war deaths in
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Uruguay
USSR:
Afghanistan invaded by
before and after Cold War, see Russia
collapse of
collectivization in
Cuban Missile Crisis
expansionism
genocide in
as great power
and nuclear weapons
Stalin’s purges
and World War II,
see also Cold War
utilitarianism
utopianism
uxoricide
vaccination
Valdesolo, Piercarlo
Valentino, Benjamin
Valero, Helena
Valéry, Paul
van der Dennen, Johan
van Gogh, Theo
Vasquez, John
vegetarianism
vengeance, see revenge
Venice, democracy in
Verkko’s Laws
Versailles, Treaty of
Vidor, King
Vienna, Congress of
Vietnam
“Vietnam Syndrome,”
Vietnam War
antiwar protests
atrocities in
deaths in
Tungsten Theory of
as war of attrition
vigilantism
Violence Against Women Act (1994)
violence triangle
Virginia, homicides in
vivisection
Vlad the Impaler
Voltaire
Vonnegut, Kurt
Voting Rights Act (1965)
Waal, Frans de
Waldman, Irwin
Wales
Walker, Alice
Wallis, John
Walsh, John
Waltz, Kenneth
war:
alternatives to
antiwar views
of attrition
avoidance of
battle deaths, use of term
categories of
causes of
changing attitudes toward
colonial
datasets
Conflict Catalog
Correlates of War Project
Human Security Report Project
Levy on great power wars
Luard on
PRIO
L. F. Richardson on
SIPRI
UCDP
Q. Wright on
and “deadly quarrels,”
death rates
destructiveness of
drivers of
duration of
economic futility of
extrastate; see also war, colonial; war, imperial
geography of
glory of
of great powers
homicide vs.
immorality of
imperial
indirect deaths in
interstate
intrastate; see also civil war
magnitude of
major
military horizon in
“new,”
in nonstate societies
power-law distribution of
private
probability of
proxy
territorial
timing of
total
trends in
see also specific wars
war games
warlords
agglomeration of
knights as
War of Attrition game
War of the Holy League
War of the League of Augsburg
War of the Spanish Succession
War of the Triple Alliance
War on Drugs
Warrior Gene theory
Wars of Religion
Washington, George
Waters, Muddy
Wathaurung aborigines
Watts, Duncan
wealth:
accumulation of
creation of
and decline of violence
plunder of
as zero-sum
weapons
antipersonnel
biological
black market for
chemical
dirty (radiological) bombs
long-distance
of mass destruction
in military revolution
nuclear
in schools
technology of
Weber, Max
Weber’s Law
Wegner, Daniel
Weinberg, Alvin
Wellington, Duke of
Wells, H. G.
West, Rebecca
Western society:
declines in violence compared with societies
hostility to accomplishments
humanistic movements in non-Western societies
see also modernity
western U.S.
Westphalia, Peace of
White, Matthew
Who, The
Wiesel, Elie
Wiessner, Polly
WikiLeaks
Wilde, Oscar
Wilkinson, Deanna
Willard, Dan
Willer, Robb
Williamson, Laila
Willkie, Wendell
Wilson, James Q.
Wilson, Margo
Wilson, Woodrow
Wimer, Christopher
Winfrey, Oprah
Wirth, Christian
witchcraft
Witness (film)
Wollstonecraft, Mary
Wolpert, Daniel
women:
and abortion
Amazons
in American West
antiwar views of
attitudes toward
competition for
and domestic violence
feminism
feminization
genital mutilation of
in harems
and Islam
as leaders
male control of
as pacifying force
peace activists
postpartum depression
as property
rape of, see rape
rights of
self-defense for
“Take Back the Night,”
torture of
violence against
violence by
violence over; see also sexual jealousy
World Bank
world government
World Health Organization (WHO)
World War I
and antiwar views
and influenza pandemic
as literary war
and nationalism
onset of
poison gas in
and World War II
World War II
causes of
destructiveness of
and ethnic cleansing
London Blitz in
and Pearl Harbor
and poison gas
Wotman, Sara
Wouters, Cas
Wrangham, Richard
Wright, Quincy
Wright, Robert
Xhosa people
Yamaguchi, Tsutomu
Yanomamö people
Yates, Andrea
Yemen
Young, Liane
Young, Maxwell
Younger, Stephen
young men:
African American
aggression of
in American West
in bachelor cults
and code of honor
and crime
in criminal gangs
and dominance
and drug culture
homicides by
in prison
socialization of
terrorists
tribal elders defied by
Yugoslavia
Zacher, Mark
Zambia
Zebrowitz, Leslie
Zelizer, Viviana
zero-sum games
Zimbardo, Philip
Zimring, Franklin
Zipf, G. K.
Źiźek, Slavoj
Zola, Émile
ALSO BY STEVEN PINKER
Language Learnability and Language Development
Learnability and Cognition
The Language Instinct
How the Mind Works
Words and Rules
The Blank Slate
The Stuff of Thought
EDITED BY STEVEN PINKER
Visual Cognition
Connections and Symbols (with Jacques Mehler)
Lexical and Conceptual Semantics (with Beth Levin)
The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2004
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