The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Vio - By Steven Pinker Page 0,461

Flynn Effect not from gains in health and nutrition: Flynn, 2007, pp. 102–6.

242. Flynn Effect not in g: Flynn, 2007; Wicherts et al., 2004.

243. Visual complexity and IQ: Greenfield, 2009.

244. Prescientific versus postscientific reasoning: Flynn, 2007. See also Neisser, 1976; Tooby & Cosmides, in press; Pinker, 1997, pp. 302–6.

245. Dogs and rabbits: Flynn, 2007, p. 24.

246. Dialogues on similarity and hypotheticals: Cole, Gay, Glick, & Sharp, 1971; Luria, 1976; Neisser, 1976.

247. Schooling and formal operations: Flynn, 2007, p. 32.

248. Increases in schooling: Flynn, 2007, p. 32.

249. Reading comprehension: Rothstein, 1998, p. 19.

250. Changes in school tests: Genovese, 2002.

251. Shorthand abstractions: All of these terms increased in frequency during the 20th century, according to analyses of Google Books by the Bookworm program: Michel et al., 2011; see the caption to figure 7–1.

252. “on account of the economy”: G. Nunberg, Language commentary segment on Fresh Air, National Public Radio, 2001.

253. Concrete operations in Flynn’s father: J. Flynn, “What is intelligence: Beyond the Flynn effect,” Harvard Psychology Department Colloquium, Dec. 5, 2007; see also “The world is getting smarter,” Economist/Intelligent Life, Dec. 2007; http://moreintelligentlife.com/node/654.

254. Difficulty with proportions: Flynn, 2007, p. 30.

255. Thinking people are less punitive: Sargent, 2004.

256. “cultural renaissance”: Flynn, 1987, p. 187.

257. “squalid savages”: Roosevelt, The winning of the West (Whitefish, Mont.: Kessinger), vol. 1, p. 65. “Dead Indians”: Quoted in Courtwright, 1996, p. 109.

258. Woodrow Wilson’s racism: Loewen, 1995, pp. 22–31.

259. Churchill’s racism: Toye, 2010; quotes excerpted in J. Hari, “The two Churchills,” New York Times, Aug. 12, 2010.

260. Dumb congressional testimony: Quoted in Courtwright, 1996, pp. 155–56.

261. Literary intellectuals’ contempt for the masses: Carey, 1993.

262. Intellectuals’ support of totalitarianism: Carey, 1993; Glover, 1999; Lilla, 2001; Sowell, 2010; Wolin, 2004.

263. Appalling Eliot: Carey, 1993, p. 85.

264. Intellectuals’ troublemaking: Carey, 1993; Glover, 1999; Lilla, 2001; Sowell, 2010; Wolin, 2004.

265. Smarter people are less violent: Herrnstein & Murray, 1994; Wilson & Herrnstein, 1985; Farrington, 2007, pp. 22–23, 26–27.

266. Superrationality in the Prisoner’s Dilemma: Hofstadter, 1985.

267. Truckers’ IQ and the Prisoner’s Dilemma: Burks et al., 2009.

268. University SATs and the Prisoner’s Dilemma: Jones, 2008.

269. Politicization of social science: Haidt & Graham, 2007; Tetlock, 1994.

270. Political liberals and fairness: Haidt, 2007; Haidt & Graham, 2007.

271. Liberalism and intelligence in the United States: Kanazawa, 2010.

272. Bright children become enlightened adults: Deary, Batty, & Gale, 2008.

273. Smarter people think like economists: Caplan & Miller, 2010.

274. Market economies as a pacifying force: Kant, 1795/1983; Mueller, 1999; Russett & Oneal, 2001; Schneider & Gleditsch, 2010; Wright, 2000 Mueller, 2010b.

275. Zero-sum mindset & ethnic violence: Sowell, 1980, 1996.

276. Kantian Peace: Gleditsch, 2008; Russett, 2008; Russett & Oneal, 2001.

277. Cognitive prerequisites for democracy: Rindermann, 2008.

278. Intellectual abilities and democracy: Rindermann, 2008.

279. Democracy and violence: Gleditsch, 2008; Harff, 2003, 2005; Lacina, 2006; Pate, 2008; Rummel, 1994; Russett, 2008; Russett & Oneal, 2001.

280. Flynn Effect in Kenya and Dominica: Flynn, 2007, p. 144.

281. Education and civil war: Thyne, 2006.

282. Pacifying effect of education: Thyne, 2006, p. 733.

283. Integrative complexity: Suedfeld & Coren, 1992; Tetlock, 1985; Tetlock, Peterson, & Lerner, 1996.

284. Low but significant correlation between IQ and integrative complexity: Suedfeld & Coren, 1992. Correlation of 0.58 among presidents: Simonton, 2006.

285. Integrative complexity and violence: Tetlock, 1985, pp. 1567–68.

286. Integrative complexity and major wars: Suedfeld & Tetlock, 1977.

287. Integrative complexity and Arab-Israeli wars: Suedfeld, Tetlock, & Ramirez, 1977. Integrative complexity and U.S.-Soviet actions: Tetlock, 1985.

288. Teasing apart effects of integrative complexity: Tetlock, 1985; Tetlock et al., 1996.

289. Integrative complexity of American political discourse: Rosenau & Fagen, 1997.

290. Inane 1917 congressman: Quoted in Rosenau & Fagen, 1997, p. 676.

291. Inane 1972 senator: Quoted in Rosenau & Fagen, 1997, p. 677.

292. Sophistication of U.S. presidential debates: Gorton & Diels, 2010.

293. Inhabitant of the breast: Smith, 1759/1976, p. 136.

Chapter 10: On Angels’ Wings

1. Hitler was not an atheist: Murphy, 1999.

2. Nazism and Christianity: Ericksen & Heschel, 1999; Goldhagen, 1996; Heschel, 2008; Steigmann-Gall, 2003; Chirot & McCauley, 2006, p. 144.

3. Common cause between Nazism and the church: Ericksen & Heschel, 1999, p. 11.

4. Marxism and Christianity: Chirot & McCauley, 2006, pp. 142–43; Chirot, 1995.

5. Gifts and amity: Mauss, 1924/1990.

6. Unsexy merchants: Mueller, 1999, 2010b.

7. Only nursing mothers should command nuclear forces: D. Garner, “After atom bomb’s shock, the real horrors began unfolding,” New York Times, Jan. 20, 2010.

8. Handbagged: Shultz, 2009.

9. Surplus of men, deficit of peace: Hudson & den Boer, 2002.

10. Sparing bare branches: Hudson & den Boer, 2002, p. 26.

11. Bolus of men: Hudson & den Boer, 2002.

12. Number of young men and odds of war: Fearon & Laitin, 2003; Mesquida & Wiener, 1996.

13. Sex