Talking to Strangers - Malcolm Gladwell Page 0,115
chapter 13. See also Timothy Levine, Kim Serota, Hillary Shulman, David Clare, Hee Sun Park, Allison Shaw, Jae Chul Shim, and Jung Hyon Lee, “Sender Demeanor: Individual Differences in Sender Believability Have a Powerful Impact on Deception Detection Judgments,” Human Communication Research 37 (2011): 377–403. Also from this source is the performance of trained interrogators on matched and mismatched senders.
In a survey of attitudes toward deception: The Global Deception Research Team, “A World of Lies,” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 37, no. 1 (January 2006): 60–74.
“It wasn’t so much…care about this”: Markopolos, No One Would Listen, p. 82.
“And though it’s risky…Tsarnaev smirked” (in footnote): Seth Stevenson, “Tsarnaev’s Smirk,” Slate, April 21, 2015, slate/news-and-politics/2015/04/tsarnaev-trial-sentencing-phase-prosecutor-makes-case-that-dzhokhar-tsarnaev-shows-no-remorse.html.
“In the Boston Marathon Bombing…remained stony-faced”: Barrett, How Emotions Are Made, p. 231.
“I’d do things…fall-over hilarious”: Amanda Knox, Waiting to Be Heard: A Memoir (New York: Harper, 2013), pp. 11–12; “‘You seem really flexible’…full of contempt,” p. 109; “But what drew laughs…accepting of differences” (in footnote), p. 26; “Ta-dah” moment, p. 91.
Just listen to a handful of quotations: John Follain, Death in Perugia: The Definitive Account of the Meredith Kercher Case from Her Murder to the Acquittal of Raffaele Sollecito and Amanda Knox (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 2011), pp. 90–91, 93, 94.
“What’s compelling to me…distance ourselves from” (in footnote): Tom Dibblee, “On Being Off: The Case of Amanda Knox,” Los Angeles Review of Books, August 12, 2013, lareviewofbooks/article/on-being-off-the-case-of-amanda-knox.
“We were able…other kinds of investigation”: Ian Leslie, “Amanda Knox: What’s in a face?” The Guardian, October 7, 2011, theguardian/world/2011/oct/08/amanda-knox-facial-expressions.
“Her eyes…could have been involved”: Nathaniel Rich, “The Neverending Nightmare of Amanda Knox,” Rolling Stone, June 27, 2011, rollingstone/culture/culture-news/the-neverending-nightmare-of-amanda-knox-244620/?print=true.
Chapter Eight: Case Study: The Fraternity Party
The Jonsson testimony and description of the incident are from People v. Turner, vol. 6 (March 18, 2016), pp. 274–319. Emily Doe testimony about waking in hospital, vol. 6, p. 445; Brock Turner testimony about amount he drank, vol. 9 (March 23, 2016), pp. 836, 838; police estimate of Turner BAC, vol. 7 (March 21, 2016), p. 554; Julia’s testimony about amount she drank, vol. 5 (March 17, 2016), pp. 208–9, 213; Doe and Turner BAC (in footnote), vol. 7, pp. 553–54; Doe testimony about amount she drank, vol. 6, pp. 429, 433–34, 439; Turner testimony about sexual escalation, vol. 9, pp. 846–47, 850–51, 851–53; prosecution’s closing arguments, vol. 11, March 28, 2016, pp. 1072–73; Turner testimony about grinding, vol. 9, pp. 831–32; Doe testimony about blackout, vol. 6, pp. 439–40; Turner testimony about blackout, vol. 11, pp. 1099–1100; Turner testimony about Doe voice mail, vol. 9, p. 897.
An estimated one in five…victim of sexual assault: This figure has been supported by dozens of studies since 1987, including the 2015 Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation poll. A 2015 study by the Association of American Universities (AAU) found that 23 percent of undergraduate women are sexually assaulted while in college. A 2016 study released by the Department of Justice puts the number even higher, at 25.1 percent, or 1 in 4. See David Cantor et al., “Report on the AAU campus climate survey on sexual assault and sexual misconduct,” Westat; 2015, aau.edu/sites/default/files/%40%20Files/Climate%20Survey/AAU_CampusClimate_Survey_12_14_15.pdf; Christopher Krebs et al., “Campus Climate Survey Validation Study Final Technical Reports,” U.S. Department of Justice, 2016, bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/ccsvsftr.pdf.
Poll about establishing consent and defining sexual assault: Bianca DiJulio et al., “Survey of Current and Recent College Students on Sexual Assault,” Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation, June 12, 2015, pp. 15–17, files.kff/attachment/Survey%20Of%20Current%20And%20Recent%20College%20Students%20On%20Sexual%20Assault%20-%20Topline.
“How can we expect students…as to what they are?”: Lori E. Shaw, “Title IX, Sexual Assault, and the Issue of Effective Consent: Blurred Lines—When Should ‘Yes’ Mean ‘No’?,” Indiana Law Journal 91, no. 4, Article 7 (2016): 1412. “It is not enough…‘too much to drink,’” p. 1416. Shaw quotes from People v. Giardino 98, Cal. Rptr. 2d 315, 324 (Cal. Ct. App. 2000) and Valerie M. Ryan, “Intoxicating Encounters: Allocating Responsibility in the Law of Rape,” 40 CAL. W.L. REV. 407, 416 (2004).
The story of Dwight Heath in Bolivia was first told by me in “Drinking Games,” The New Yorker, February 15, 2010, newyorker/magazine/2010/02/15/drinking-games.
Heath wrote…a now-famous article: Dwight B. Heath, “Drinking patterns of the Bolivian Camba,” Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol 19 (1958): 491–508.
“Although I probably…embrace each other”: Ralph Beals, Ethnology of the Western Mixe (New York: Cooper Square Publishers Inc., 1973), p. 29.
The myopia theory was first suggested: Claude Steele and Robert A. Josephs, “Alcohol Myopia: Its Prized and Dangerous Effects,” American Psychologist 45, no. 8 (1990): 921–33.
A group of Canadian psychologists…his sober counterpart (in footnote):