Examined Lives_ From Socrates to Nietzsc - By James S. Miller Page 0,162

VI, 60.

One author attributed thirteen dialogues to him: Ibid., 20, 80; Dio Chrysostom, Discourses, X, 30, and see Derek Krueger, “The Bawdy and Society,” in R. Bracht Branham and Marie-Odile Goulet-Cazé, eds., The Cynics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), p. 226.

According to Philodemus: See the excerpts from Philodemus translated into French in Tiziano Dorandi, “La Politeia de Diogène de Sinope et quelques remarques sur sa pensée politique,” in Marie-Odile Goulet-Cazé and Richard Goulet, eds., Le Cynisme ancien et ses prolongements (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1993), pp. 59–61.

“For it was his custom”: Dio Chrysostom, Discourses, VIII, 6.

“all who should follow his treatment”: Ibid., 8.

“It was his habit to do everything in public”: Diogenes Laertius, Lives, VI, xx.

“throwing all the bones to him”: Ibid., 46.

“ceased speaking and, squatting on the ground”: Dio Chrysostom, Discourses, VIII, 36.

“warned him not to spit”: Diogenes Laertius, Lives, VI, 32.

“When he was taken prisoner”: Philo, Quod Omnis Probus Liber Sit, 121–22.

“ ‘ruling over men’ ”: Ibid., 123.

“in all that pertains to yourself”: Epictetus, Discourses, III, xxii, 13; see also III, xxii, 18.

conversations with Alexander the Great: See Diogenes Laertius, Lives, VI, 69.

“many statesmen and philosophers came to [Alexander]”: Plutarch, Lives, “Alexander,” xiv.

“When he saw so many people approaching”: Ibid.

“You may say what you like”: Ibid.

“This shows shrewd percipience”: Peter Green, Alexander of Macedon (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991), p. 123.

“Alexander [once] came to visit him”: Dimitri Gutas, “Sayings by Diogenes Preserved in Arabic,” in Goulet-Cazé and Goulet, Le Cynisme ancien, 39.1, p. 486.

“That which prevents you from coming to us”: Ibid., 40.1, p. 486.

“Plato had defined Man as an animal”: Diogenes Laertius, Lives, VI, 40.

“ ‘Table and cup I see,’ said Diogenes”: Ibid., 53.

“Had you paid court to Dionysius”: Ibid., 58.

“Aren’t you ashamed, Socrates”: Plato, Gorgias, 487b–e.

“Seeing a young man behaving effeminately”: Diogenes Laertius, Lives, VI, 65.

“for it is the enemy of considerate behavior”: Cicero, De Officiis, I, 148.

“I am inclined to think”: Augustine, City of God, XIV, 20.

Once, when a boy shattered his clay tub: Diogenes Laertius, Lives, VI, 43.

According to still another account, he simply held his breath: Ibid., 76–78.

“Even bronze grows old with time”: Quoted in Navia, Classical Cynicism, p. 81.

In the fourth of his speeches: Dio Chrysostom, Discourses, IV, on Kingship, perhaps delivered before the emperor Trajan on his birthday, September 18, A.D. 103.

ARISTOTLE

“the Master of those who know,” etc.: Quoting Dante, Averroës, and Aquinas, respectively.

“an ideal of human excellence”: Jonathan Barnes, Aristotle: A Very Short Introduction (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 139.

“untroubled by passion”: William Turner, “Aristotle,” an article affirming medieval Christian opinion in the Catholic Encyclopedia, first published in English in 1914.

“The man was born”: Martin Heidegger, Grundbegriffe der aristotelischen Philosophie (Frankfurt: Klostermann, 2002), p. 5.

“like eating dried hay”: Quoted in Jonathan Barnes, “Life and Work,” in Cambridge Companion to Aristotle (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 15, 12.

modern scholars have been able to trace: See Ingemar Düring, Aristotle in the Ancient Biographical Tradition (Gothenburg, Sweden: Institute of Classical Studies, 1957), an anthology of the relevant fragments with commentary.

some sources report that he was subsequently raised: Vita Marciana, 3, ibid., pp. 96–97.

“debauchee and a glutton”: Diogenes Laertius, Lives, X, 4, recording the views of Epicurus.

Others said that the pursuit of political power: Philodemus, De Rhetorica, Vol. rhet. II, p. 50, Sudhaus, col. XLVIII, 36; in Düring, Aristotle, pp. 299–300, 303.

Still other early sources claim: See, e.g., the Arab biography by Ibn Abi Usaibia, in Düring, Aristotle, p. 215.

But a dramatically different tale is told: See, e.g., Vita Syriaca, ibid., p. 185.

a chronological impossibility: The hypothesis that the chronology in Hermippus suggests that Aristotle probably studied with Isocrates was first advanced by the nineteenth-century German historian of philosophy Eduard Zeller in History of Greek Philosophy (London, 1881).

The school of Isocrates: Isocrates, Antidosis, 277. The locus classicus for his use of the word philosophy is Isocrates, Panegyricus, 47–51. The debate between Plato and Isocrates over the meaning of philosophy is discussed in Nightingale, Genres in Dialogue, pp. 13–59.

one of the first and finest large private libraries: Strabo, Geographia, XIII, 1, 54.

Socrates as a kind of mathematical recluse: As Werner Jaeger puts it in Aristotle, p. 15. Though modern scholars disagree about the precise dating of different Platonic dialogues, there is little dispute that the Thaetatus belongs to a group written near the end of his life.

Although Aristotle may have been inspired: Jaeger’s argument for the supposed youthful idealism of Aristotle, ibid., pp. 21–22, has not persuaded many later scholars.

he was critical of the Pythagorean assumption: Aristotle, Metaphysics,